The treatment of bone defects and orthopedic infections as well as artificial intelligence (AI) integration into medical practice present innovative but complex challenges. Regarding bone loss, current approaches such as decellularized allografts and adipose-derived stem cells improve biocompatibility and osteogenic potential. However, challenges like vascularization and costs remain unresolved.

Orthopedic infections require early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management. Specific classifications, such as Oxford’s, help personalize treatments. Despite the complexity of severe cases, strategies combining debridement, antibiotics, and bone reconstruction yield promising results. Emerging therapies target biofilms with enzymatic cocktails and localized antibiotics, offering potential clinical applications. 

AI is also transforming orthopedics through neural networks and explainability-focused models. These technologies improve diagnosis and surgical planning, but their adoption requires greater transparency in decision-making processes. Techniques like "poly-CAM" increase clinicians’ trust by providing reliable visual tools for interpreting data. These advances pave the way for predictive and personalized medicine, reshaping clinical practices.

It is an understatement to say that rhythmology was once again in the spotlight in 2024, and the choice of articles to present was Cornelian. The first article analyzes the major changes in the latest recommendations for atrial fibrillation (AF; not updated for almost 4 years), which were both presented at the European Society of Cardiology congress and published simultaneously at the end of this summer. Also in the field of atrial arrhythmia, which affects the largest number of people (up to 37% of the general population, depending on age), the concept of atrial heart disease is being revolutionized. While the parameters associated with the development of AF, such as risk factors, are well known, we know less about the importance of left atrial dilatation, which is a consequence of AF and reflects a certain remodeling, as a determining factor in the history of this arrhythmia. The second article deals with the notion of cardiopathy, its prognosis, and the techniques that allow it to be better identified and probably lead to better indications for ablation. The last article presented focuses on a no less important arrhythmia, ventricular tachycardia (VT). Infarct scarring can lead to the formation of a substrate that causes VT. Implanting a defibrillator allows rapid pacing or shock delivery to resuscitate patients in cardiac arrest. Patients are sometimes stabilized with pharmacological treatments, including antiarrhythmic drugs. However, these may prove ineffective or, like amiodarone, have significant adverse effects. A very interesting study, VANISH2, published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2024, attempted to analyze the efficacy of ablation of the arrhythmogenic substrate at the origin of VT as a first-line treatment. The results of this randomized study of 416 patients are very promising and could change the therapeutic approach for this high-risk patient population.

Steatotic liver disease (SLD) refers to conditions characterized by an abnormal accumulation of lipids in the liver (hepatic steatosis). They include alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), mixed disease linked to alcohol and the metabolic context (MetALD), and rarer etiologies of hepatic steatosis. They affect more than 30% of the population and are the leading cause of cirrhosis. However, only a small proportion of people with steatosis progress to cirrhosis. This is linked to the presence of inflammation and hepatocyte damage, in addition to steatosis. Thanks to joint efforts of various health professionals (general practitioners, hepatologists, endocrinologists) and simple management algorithms, screening for disease severity is possible in at-risk individuals and is recommended by scientific societies.

Post-polypectomy monitoring is essential to prevent lesion recurrence and reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. The quality of the initial colonoscopy is crucial. A complete colonoscopy (with visualized cecum), after adequate preparation, performed by an experienced endoscopist (with an adenoma detection rate of at least 25%) who has performed a complete resection of the identified polyps and provided clear recommendations for subsequent follow-up enables optimal and high-quality management after colorectal polypectomy. Current follow-up ­recommendations vary based on the type, number, and size of resected polyps, as well as the individual characteristics of the patient. Usually, for patients with non-advanced polyps (<10mm, 1-2 tubular adenomas), monitoring via colonoscopy is recommended at intervals of 7 to 10 years. In contrast, patients with advanced adenomas (size ≥10mm, presence of villous components or high-grade dysplasia), or multiple adenomas (≥3), require closer monitoring, often within 3 to 5 years. This text details the current surveillance recommendations, risk factors, and the importance of personalizing follow-up strategies.