Antiphospholipid syndrome is a severe thrombotic disorder with a high risk of recurrence. For many years, the standard treatment for thrombotic complications of antiphospholipid syndrome has been anticoagulation with anti-vitamin K drugs. Over the past decade, direct oral anticoagulants have emerged as the anticoagulant treatment of choice for venous thromboembolic disease in the general population. The purpose of this article has been to review the modalities and objectives of anticoagulant therapy in antiphospholipid syndrome and to discuss the potential place of direct oral anticoagulants in this indication

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is now unequivocally considered a causal factor in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and its reduction significantly contributes to preventing the risk of ASCVD.

Statins, ezetimibe, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors are the main treatment options available to date, but these drugs’ tolerability, adherence, and reimbursement remain problematic. Furthermore, despite these treatments, a large number of patients with high- and very high cardiovascular risk, are often unable to achieve the recommended LDL-C target levels. Hence, additional new treatments, whether given alone or in combination, are urgently required.

Owing to its mode of action that differs from that of other lipid-lowering therapies, along with its good safety profile, bempedoic acid constitutes the first candidate of a new and interesting therapeutic class for managing hypercholesterolemia. We have herein reviewed the currently available data relating to this drug’s efficacy and safety profile and similarly discussed its potential place in clinical practice, particularly in patients at high and very high cardiovascular risk who are insufficiently treated under ezetimibe along with a maximally tolerated statin or in those who display statin intolerance or contraindications.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly improved the outcome of patients with urothelial cancer. Several ICIs are currently approved in Belgium, such as pembrolizumab, avelumab, atezolizumab, and nivolumab. These ICIs were first evaluated in the metastatic setting, following failure of platinum-based chemotherapy. New strategies have been evaluated over the last years, including ICI plus chemotherapy, ICI monotherapy, or maintenance therapy, referring to introducing ICI after chemotherapy without waiting for disease progression. Other clinical trials are currently ongoing, which evaluate ICI in perioperative setting, be it neoadjuvant or adjuvant. This paper sought to review the current knowledge concerning ICIs in urothelial carcinoma, in addition to the new indications of these agents in this specific domain.