Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as the receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), which are new therapeutic weapons against cancer, which are increasingly used nowadays.

This case report concerns a 72-year-old man treated by pembrolizumab (Keytruda®), a PD-1 inhibitor, in first-line systemic treatment of an Stage IVA lung adenocarcinoma. Three weeks before his eighth cure, the patient’s general condition deteriorated, including loss of appetite, fatigue, nausea, and a slight weigh loss. He also reported headaches. As an adrenal insufficiency was suspected, a substitution treatment consisting of hydrocortisone was initiated. The originality of this case lies in the relevance of also considering non-specific symptoms in cancer patients under immunotherapy, the emergency of the diagnosis, and the recommended medical management.

The aim of this article is direct your attention to this rare but potentially fatal adverse event of immunotherapy, with its new treatments that you will encounter increasingly often in your practice, and to revise some cases already published in the literature , in addition to another personal case.

A difficulty for professionals in regular contact with psychic suffering often lies in the multiple repercussions of the situations encountered. Indeed, medico-psycho-social situations, which are usually worrying, exert a violent potential impact. Violence can be expressed in a noisy way or more insidiously, and on the societal level, as well. The systemic approach and its holistic declination provide relevant avenues of management. This contribution recalls the precise functions of this systemic approach, emphasizing the concepts of belonging and disengagement, while providing among other things a most original medium: the belonging program.

Asymptomatic bacteriuria is defined as the presence of bacteria in the urine without any symptoms. It is very common, especially in the elderly. Despite clear national and international clinical guidelines, asymptomatic bacteriuria is far too often associated with screening and treatment. This strategy proves to be costly and promotes bacterial resistance, while exposing patients to the numerous undesirable effects of antibiotics. Unless specific urinary tract symptoms are present, a urine culture is only required for pregnant women, recent kidney transplant recipients (< 1 month), and prior to any urological procedures that likely cause mucous bleeding. For elderly patients with or without cognitive impairment who haven fallen or are confused, presenting with an otherwise asymptomatic bacteriuria, all infectious etiologies other than urinary causes must first be excluded before initiating any antibiotic therapy.